CASE STUDY

Quantum : Essential Terms

Space-time efficient analog rotation quantum computing architecture : A quantum computing architecture that can significantly reduce the number of physical qubits needed for arbitrary phase rotation – an essential step in achieving practical quantum computing .

Phase rotation : An operation in which the arbitrary phase angle of a qubit rotates . An essential element in unlocking the true power of quantum computing .

One million qubits : The estimated number of qubits required to solve the FeMoco ( enzyme active center ) energy estimation problem with an error rate of 0.1 %

Fault-tolerant quantum computation ( FTQC ): Fault-tolerant quantum computation achieved through the correction of quantum errors .

Early-FTQC era : An era in which quantum computers work with only a maximum of 100,000 physical qubits and FTQC is considered to be impossible to achieve .

Hubbard model : A theoretical model for calculating material properties . It is used to describe strongly correlated electron systems , including in high-temperature superconductivity .

High temperature superconductor : A material that exhibits a phenomenon which causes it to have zero electrical resistance when it reaches a temperature above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen .

Fujitsu and QIQB have leveraged these new technologies , one that improves phase angle accuracy during phase rotation and one that automatically generates efficient qubit operation procedures , to show that it is theoretically possible for a quantum computer to perform a calculation that would take a classical computer five years in only ten hours .

The two organizations found that the calculation , a material energy estimate , would be possible using only 60,000 qubits , significantly less than the amount typically thought to be required for faulttolerant quantum computation ( FTQC ) to surpass the calculation speed of classical computers .

These results demonstrate for the first time how quantum advantage can be achieved in the early-FTQC era – which is expected to arrive around 2030 .

Quantum computing is expected to accelerate technological innovations in various fields , including enabling a larger-scale analysis of the Hubbard model for developing high temperature superconductors – which may improve the efficiency of electrical infrastructure as well as lead to innovations in material development and drug discovery .

The generation of efficient qubit operation procedures was achieved through the development of a quantum circuit generator . This system introduces a streamlined the process for converting logic gates , which are the fundamental operations of quantum computing , into physical gates , which operate the qubits .

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